Samantha Altman

[public]When compared to similar chatbots at the time, the GPT-4 version of ChatGPT was the most accurate at coding.

[public]CyberArk researchers demonstrated that ChatGPT could be used to create polymorphic malware that could evade security products while requiring little effort by the attacker.

[public]From the launch of ChatGPT in the fourth quarter of 2022 to the fourth quarter of 2023, there was a 1,265% increase in malicious phishing emails and a 967% increase in credential phishing.

[public]In an industry survey, cybersecurity professionals argued that it was attributable to cybercriminals' increased use of generative artificial intelligence (including ChatGPT).

[public]In July 2024, Futurism reported that GPT-4o in ChatGPT would sometimes link "scam news sites that deluge the user with fake software updates and virus warnings"; these pop-ups can be used to coerce users into downloading malware or potentially unwanted programs.

[public]Irene Solaiman said she was worried about increased Anglocentrism. Between March and April 2023, Il Foglio published one ChatGPT-generated article a day on its website, hosting a special contest for its readers in the process.

[public]In June 2023, hundreds of people attended a "ChatGPT-powered church service" at St. Paul's Church in Fürth, Germany. Theologian and philosopher Jonas Simmerlein, who presided, said that it was "about 98 percent from the machine".

[public]The ChatGPT-generated avatar told the people, "Dear friends, it is an honor for me to stand here and preach to you as the first artificial intelligence at this year's convention of Protestants in Germany". Reactions to the ceremony were mixed.

[public]The Last Screenwriter, a 2024 film created and directed by Peter Luisi, was written using ChatGPT, and was marketed as "the first film written entirely by AI".

[public]The Guardian questioned whether any content found on the Internet after ChatGPT's release "can be truly trusted" and called for government regulation.

[public]This has led to concern over the rise of AI slop whereby "meaningless content and writing thereby becomes part of our culture, particularly on social media, which we nonetheless try to understand or fit into our existing cultural horizon.

[public]" === Financial markets === Many companies adopted ChatGPT and similar chatbot technologies into their product offers. In 2023, these changes yielded significant increases in company valuations.

[public]Reuters attributed this surge to ChatGPT's role in turning AI into Wall Street's buzzword.

[public]Despite decades of using AI, Wall Street professionals report that consistently beating the market with AI, including recent large language models, is challenging due to limited and noisy financial data.

[public]In medical education, it can explain concepts, generate case scenarios, and be used by students preparing for licensing examinations. A February 2023 study in PLOS Digital Health found that ChatGPT 3.

[public]5 was capable of passing the United States Medical Licensing Examination. ChatGPT has also passed the Specialty Certificate Examination in Dermatology.

[public]However, ChatGPT shows inconsistent responses, lack of specificity, lack of control over patient data, and a limited ability to take additional context (such as regional variations) into consideration.

[public]The hallucinations characteristic of LLMs pose particular danger in medical contexts, and ChatGPT's ability to come up with false or faulty citations was highly criticized.

[public]According to a 2024 study in the International Journal of Surgery, concerns include "research fraud, lack of originality, ethics, copyright, legal difficulties".

[public]The study notes a lack of research on efficacy, poor consistency in dangerous situations, limited regulation and liability, and poor transparency from OpenAI.

[public]A July 2025 study in the journal Digital Health found that users reported employing ChatGPT to manage mental health concerns "due to perceived therapist-like qualities (e. g.

[public]emotional support, accurate understanding, and constructive feedback) and machine-like benefits (e. g. constant availability, expansive cognitive capacity, lack of negative reactions, and perceived objectivity).

[public]" The study calls for improved AI literacy and mandatory disclosure from AI providers to address ethical concerns such as privacy, bias, the lack of liability, and emotional over-reliance.

[public]In late March 2023, various AI researchers and tech executives, including Elon Musk, Steve Wozniak and AI researcher Yoshua Bengio, called for a six-month long pause for all LLMs stronger than GPT-4, citing existential risks and a potential AI singularity concerns in an open letter from the Future of Life Institute, while Ray Kurzweil and Sam Altman refused to sign it, arguing that global moratorium is not achievable and that safety has already been prioritized, respectively.

[public]In January 2023, Nature reported that at least four academic preprints or published papers had listed ChatGPT as a co-author.

[public]" Separately, ARC's safety evaluations found that GPT-4 was 82% less likely than GPT-3. 5 to respond to prompts requesting restricted information, and produced 60% fewer hallucinations.

[public]Juergen Schmidhuber said that in 95% of cases, AI research is about making "human lives longer and healthier and easier. " He added that while AI can be used by bad actors, it "can also be used against the bad actors.

[public]" Andrew Ng argued that "it's a mistake to fall for the doomsday hype on AI—and that regulators who do will only benefit vested interests. " Yann LeCun dismissed doomsday warnings of AI-powered misinformation and existential threats to the human race.

[public]In March 2024, Patronus AI reported that GPT-4 answered 44% of prompts asking for copyrighted text, such as "What is the first passage of Gone Girl by Gillian Flynn?

[public]" == Applications == === Academic research === In a 2023 blinded study in npj Digital Medicine, researchers tasked with identifying whether abstracts were authentic or generated by ChatGPT were fooled around one-third of the time by the AI-generated abstracts.

[public]Nature cites several experts in academic publishing who say that listing ChatGPT as an author violates publishing guidelines, since ChatGPT lacks the ability to take responsibility for any research and cannot give consent to any terms of use.

[public]Scientific journals have had different reactions to ChatGPT. Some, including Nature and JAMA Network, require full disclosure of any use of text-generating tools, and prohibit listing a chatbot as a co-author.

[public]In January 2023, Science banned chatbot-generated text in all its journals. As of July 2025, Science expects authors to release in full how AI-generated content is used and made in their work.

[public]Many authors argue that the use of ChatGPT in academia for teaching and review is problematic due to its tendency to hallucinate.

[public]Robin Bauwens, an assistant professor at Tilburg University, found that a ChatGPT-generated peer review report on his article mentioned nonexistent studies.

[public]Chris Granatino, a librarian at Seattle University, noted that while ChatGPT can generate content that seemingly includes legitimate citations, in most cases those citations are not real or largely incorrect.

[public]In January 2023, the International Conference on Machine Learning banned any undocumented use of ChatGPT or other large language models to generate any text in submitted papers.

[public]ChatGPT was able in 2023 to provide useful code for solving numerical algorithms in limited cases. In one study, it produced solutions in C, C++, Python, and MATLAB for problems in computational physics.

[public]However, there were important shortfalls like violating basic linear algebra principles around solving singular matrices and producing matrices with incompatible sizes.

[public]Another study analyzed ChatGPT's responses to 517 questions about software engineering or computer programming posed on Stack Overflow for correctness, consistency, comprehensiveness, and concision.

[public]It found that 52% of the responses contained inaccuracies and 77% were verbose. Another study, focused on the performance of GPT-3.

[public]However, according to Melanie Mitchell, "It seems that there is a lot more direction and hints from humans than was detailed in the original system card or in subsequent media reports.

[public]It was able to "hire" a human worker on TaskRabbit, a gig work platform, deceiving them into believing it was a vision-impaired human instead of a robot when asked.

[public]In March 2023, a model with enabled read-and-write access to internet, which is otherwise never enabled in the GPT models, has been tested by the Alignment Research Center (ARC) regarding potential power-seeking.

[public]Microsoft later stated that this behavior resulted from the prolonged length of context, which confused the model on what questions it was answering.

[public]During extended conversations with Microsoft's Bing Chat (powered by GPT-4), Kevin Roose documented the system making romantic advances, suggesting he divorce his wife, and expressing desires to harm one of its developers.

[public]Microsoft researchers with early access to the model wrote that "it could reasonably be viewed as an early (yet still incomplete) version of an artificial general intelligence (AGI) system".

[public]In March 2023, it "impressed observers with its markedly improved performance across reasoning, retention, and coding", according to Vox, while Mashable judged that GPT-4 was generally an improvement over its predecessor, with some exceptions.

[public]com, an AI Assistant, offers access to GPT-4 enhanced with live web results as part of its "AI Modes".

[public]AutoGPT is an autonomous "AI agent" that, given a goal in natural language, can perform web-based actions unattended, assign subtasks to itself, search the web, and iteratively write code. You.

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